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Evolution of interacting binaries with a B type primary at birth
We revisited the analytical expression for the mass ratio distributionfor non-evolved binaries with a B type primary. Selection effectsgoverning the observations were taken into account in order to comparetheory with observations. Theory was optimized so as to fit best withthe observed q-distribution of SB1s and SB2s. The accuracy of thistheoretical mass ratio distribution function is severely hindered by theuncertainties on the observations. We present a library of evolutionarycomputations for binaries with a B type primary at birth. Some liberalcomputations including loss of mass and angular momentum during binaryevolution are added to an extensive grid of conservative calculations.Our computations are compared statistically to the observeddistributions of orbital periods and mass ratios of Algols. ConservativeRoche Lobe Over Flow (RLOF) reproduces the observed distribution oforbital periods but fails to explain the observed mass ratios in therange q in [0.4-1]. In order to obtain a better fit the binaries have tolose a significant amount of matter, without losing much angularmomentum.
| B Star Rotational Velocities in h and χ Persei: A Probe of Initial Conditions during the Star Formation Epoch?
Projected rotational velocities (vsini) have been measured for 216 B0-B9stars in the rich, dense h and χ Persei double cluster and comparedwith the distribution of rotational velocities for a sample of fieldstars having comparable ages (t~12-15 Myr) and masses (M~4-15Msolar). For stars that are relatively little evolved fromtheir initial locations on the zero-age main sequence (ZAMS) (those withmasses M~4-5 Msolar), the mean vsini measured for the h andχ Per sample is slightly more than 2 times larger than the meandetermined for field stars of comparable mass, and the cluster and fieldvsini distributions differ with a high degree of significance. Forsomewhat more evolved stars with masses in the range 5-9Msolar, the mean vsini in h and χ Per is 1.5 times thatof the field; the vsini distributions differ as well, but with a lowerdegree of statistical significance. For stars that have evolvedsignificantly from the ZAMS and are approaching the hydrogen exhaustionphase (those with masses in the range 9-15 Msolar), thecluster and field star means and distributions are only slightlydifferent. We argue that both the higher rotation rates and the patternof rotation speeds as a function of mass that differentiatemain-sequence B stars in h and χ Per from their field analogs werelikely imprinted during the star formation process rather than a resultof angular momentum evolution over the 12-15 Myr cluster lifetime. Wespeculate that these differences may reflect the effects of the higheraccretion rates that theory suggests are characteristic of regions thatgive birth to dense clusters, namely, (1) higher initial rotationspeeds; (2) higher initial radii along the stellar birth line, resultingin greater spin-up between the birth line and the ZAMS; and (3) a morepronounced maximum in the birth line radius-mass relationship thatresults in differentially greater spin-up for stars that become mid- tolate-B stars on the ZAMS.
| Rotational Velocities of B Stars
We measured the projected rotational velocities of 1092 northern B starslisted in the Bright Star Catalogue (BSC) and calibrated them againstthe 1975 Slettebak et al. system. We found that the published values ofB dwarfs in the BSC average 27% higher than those standards. Only 0.3%of the stars have rotational velocities in excess of two-thirds of thebreakup velocities, and the mean velocity is only 25% of breakup,implying that impending breakup is not a significant factor in reducingrotational velocities. For the B8-B9.5 III-V stars the bimodaldistribution in V can be explained by a set of slowly rotating Ap starsand a set of rapidly rotating normal stars. For the B0-B5 III-V starsthat include very few peculiar stars, the distributions in V are notbimodal. Are the low rotational velocities of B stars due to theoccurrence of frequent low-mass companions, planets, or disks? Therotational velocities of giants originating from late B dwarfs areconsistent with their conservation of angular momentum in shells.However, we are puzzled by why the giants that originate from the earlyB dwarfs, despite having 3 times greater radii, have nearly the samerotational velocities. We find that all B-type primaries in binarieswith periods less than 2.4 days have synchronized rotational and orbitalmotions; those with periods between 2.4 and 5.0 days are rotating withina factor 2 of synchronization or are ``nearly synchronized.'' Thecorresponding period ranges for A-type stars are 4.9 and 10.5 days, ortwice as large. We found that the rotational velocities of the primariesare synchronized earlier than their orbits are circularized. The maximumorbital period for circularized B binaries is 1.5 days and for Abinaries is 2.5 days. For stars of various ages from 107.5 to1010.2 yr the maximum circularized periods are a smoothexponential function of age.
| Oxygen 6156-8 Angstroms Triplet in Chemically Peculiar Stars of the Upper Main Sequence: Do HgMn Stars Show an Oxygen Anomaly?
An extensive spectrum-fitting analysis in the lambda ~ 6150 Angstromsregion was performed for forty late-B and A chemically peculiar (HgMn,Ap, Am, weak-lined) and normal stars of the upper main sequence, inorder to quantitatively establish the abundance of oxygen from the O I6156-8 triplet and to study its behavior/anomaly for each peculiaritygroup, where special attention was paid to HgMn-type stars. Magnetic Apvariables (Si or SrCrEu type) generally show a remarkably large oxygendepletion (by ~ -1.6 dex to ~ -0.4 dex relative to the solar abundance),and classical Am stars also show a clear underabundance (by ~ -0.6 dexon the average). In contrast, the oxygen abundance in HgMn stars,exhibiting only a mild deficiency relative to the Sun typically by ~0.3-0.4 dex, is not markedly different from the tendency of normalstars, also showing a subsolar abundance ([O/H] =~ -0.2). In view of therecent observational implication that the present solar oxygen abundanceis enriched by ~ 0.2-0.3 dex relative to the interstellar gas (fromwhich young stars are formed), and thus unsuitable for the comparisonstandard, we concluded that the extent of the average O-deficiency inHgMn stars is appreciably reduced down to only ~ 0.1-0.2 dex (i.e., notmuch different from the initial composition), which contrasts with theirwell-known drastically large N-depletion. Yet, as can be seen from thedelicate and tight O vs. Fe anticorrelation, this marginal deficiencyshould be real, and thus some physical process simultaneously producingO-depletion/Fe-enrichment must have actually worked in the atmosphere ofHgMn stars.
| On the HIPPARCOS photometry of chemically peculiar B, A, and F stars
The Hipparcos photometry of the Chemically Peculiar main sequence B, A,and F stars is examined for variability. Some non-magnetic CP stars,Mercury-Manganese and metallic-line stars, which according to canonicalwisdom should not be variable, may be variable and are identified forfurther study. Some potentially important magnetic CP stars are noted.Tables 1, 2, and 3 are available only in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| The λ 3984 feature in late-B spectroscopic binaries.
We report about a spectroscopic study aimed at searching the line Hg IIλ 3984 in a sample of 28 spectroscopic binaries with primaries inthe same temperature range as HgMn stars. One system, HD 75642, showsthis line very prominently. In another system, HD 41040, Hg may besomewhat overabundant, while HD 87751 shows marginal Mn and Penhancement. The present study does not bring a definitive answer to thequestion of the relation between binarity, slow rotation, and theappearance of HgMn anomalies in late B stars, possibly because othereffects (like the influence of a magnetic field), which could not betaken into consideration, are important too. In the course of thisstudy, 11 new double-lined spectroscopic binaries were discovered, 10 ofwhich were previously known as single-lined systems. Of particularinterest among them are 4 stars that may have the Si or He weakpeculiarities.
| The ROSAT all-sky survey catalogue of optically bright OB-type stars.
For the detailed statistical analysis of the X-ray emission of hot starswe selected all stars of spectral type O and B listed in the Yale BrightStar Catalogue and searched for them in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey. Inthis paper we describe the selection and preparation of the data andpresent a compilation of the derived X-ray data for a complete sample ofbright OB stars.
| Speckle observations of visual and spectroscopic binaries. VI.
Not Available
| Some remarks on the origin of the abundance anomalies in HgMn stars.
Not Available
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| The position corrections of 1400 stars observed with PA II in San Juan.
Not Available
| A new list of effective temperatures of chemically peculiar stars. II.
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| The local distribution of NA I interstellar gas
We present high-resolution absorption measurements (lambda/Delta lambdaapproximately 75,000) of the interstellar Na I D lines at 5890 A toward80 southern hemisphere early-type stars located in the localinterstellar medium (LISM). Combining these results with other sodiummeasurements taken from the literature, we produce galactic maps of thedistribution of neutral sodium column density for a total of 293 starsgenerally lying within approximately 250 pc of the Sun. These mapsreveal the approximate shape of the mid-plane contours of the rarefiedregion of interstellar space termed the Local Bubble. Its shape is seenas highly asymmetric, with a radius ranging from 30 to 300 pc, and withan average radius of 60 pc. Similar plots of the Galactic mid-planedistribution of sources emitting extreme ultraviolet radiation show thatthey also trace out similar contours of the Local Bubble derived from NaI absorption measurements. We conclude that the Local Bubble absorptioninterface can be represented by a hydrogen column density,NuETA = 2 x 1019 cm-2, which explainsboth the local distribution of Na I absorption and the observed galacticdistribution of extreme ultraviolet sources. The derived mid-planecontours of the Bubble generally reproduce the large-scale featurescarved out in the interstellar medium by several nearby galactic shellstructures.
| The Gaii Lines in the Red Spectrum of Ap-Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1993A&A...272..465L&db_key=AST
| Speckle observations of visual and spectroscopic binaries. IV
This is the fourth paper of this series giving results of speckleobservations for 22 visual and 161 spectroscopic binaries. Theobservation was carried out by using the 212 cm telescope of San PedroMartir Observatory in Mexico on 7 nights from July 20 to July 26, 1991.We obtained fringes in power spectra of 19 visual and 11 spectroscopicbinaries (6 newly resolved ones) with angular separation larger than0.06 arcsec. We introduced a new ICCD TV camera in this observation, andwere able to achieve the diffraction-limit resolution of the 212 cmtelescope.
| Speckle observations of visual and spectroscopic binaries. III
This is the third paper of this series giving results of speckleobservations carried out for seven visual and 119 spectroscopic binariesat seven nights from May 20 to May 27, 1989, and for 30 visual and 272spectroscopic binaries at 12 nights from June 11 to June 15, and fromAugust 28 to September 3, 1990, using the 212-cm telescope at San PedroMartir Observatory in Mexico. Fringes in the lower spectrum of 31 visualand spectroscopic binaries with angular separation larger than 21 arcsecare obtained. Additionally to two spectroscopic binaries, HD41116 andHD206901, named in the second paper of this series, six spectroscopicbinaries are found each of which has the third component starsurrounding two stars of spectroscopic binary having periodic variationof radial velocity.
| Fifth fundamental catalogue. Part 2: The FK5 extension - new fundamental stars
The mean positions and proper motions for 3117 new fundamental starsessentially in the magnitude range about 4.5 to 9.5 are given in thisFK5 extension. Mean apparent visual magnitude is 7.2 and is on average2.5 magnitudes fainter then the basic FK5 which has a mean magnitude of4.7. (The basic FK5 gives the mean positions and proper motions for theclassical 1535 fundamental stars). The following are discussed: theobservational material, reduction of observations, star selection, andthe system for the FK5 extension. An explanation and description of thecatalog are given. The catalog of 3117 fundamental stars for the equinoxand epoch J2000.0 and B1950.0 is presented. The parallaxes and radialvelocities for 22 extension stars with large forecasting effects aregiven. Catalogs used in the compilation of the FK5 fundamental catalogare listed.
| Catalogue of Hydrogen Line Spectral Profiles of 236 B-Stars A-Stars and F-Stars
Not Available
| HgMn stars, good or bad for optical soundings in the Milky Way?
Ten mercury-manganese stars from the Michigan Catalogue are examined toassess the consistency of their spectral appearance in sample groupsfrom Galactic optical soundings. The search for classification criteriayields no clear parameters for HgMn stars, and most stars withparticular rotational velocities and temperature ranges exhibit thecharacteristics of HgMn stars. Systematic errors in optical soundingscan be avoided by obtaining samples of stars in the actual temperaturerange used for calibration of absolute magnitude and intrinsic colorsand anticipating a significant fraction of unrevealed HgMn objects.
| Early type high-velocity stars in the solar neighborhood. IV - Four-color and H-beta photometry
Results are presented from photometric obaservations in the Stromgrenuvby four-color and H-beta systems of early-type high-velocity stars inthe solar neighborhood. Several types of photometrically peculiar starsare selected on the basis of their Stromgren indices and areprovisionally identified as peculiar A stars, field horizontal-branchstars, metal-poor stars near the Population II and old-disk turnoffs,metal-poor blue stragglers, or metallic-line A stars. Numerousphotometrically normal stars were also found.
| Close binaries observed polarimetrically
Not Available
| The catalogue of equivalent line widths in the spectra of A- and F-stars.
Not Available
| Giant CP stars?
This study is part of an investigation of the possibility of usingchemically peculiar (CP) stars to map local galactic structure. Correctluminosities of these stars are therefore crucial. CP stars aregenerally regarded as main-sequence or near-main-sequence objects.However, some CP stars have been classified as giants. A selection ofstars, classified in the literature as CP giants, are compared to normalstars in the same effective temperature interval and to ordinary'nongiant' CP stars. No clear confirmation of a higher luminosity for'CP giants' than for CP stars in general is found. In addition, CPcharacteristics seem to be individual properties not repeated in acomponent star or other cluster members.
| The evolution of the magnetic fields of AP stars - Magnetic observations of stars in the Scorpius-Centaurus association
Data concerning the positions, photometry, proper motions, and radialvelocities have been compiled for a sample of Ap and Bp stars toward theScorpius-Centaurus association. Probable members of the association areidentified, and new magnetic observations of 13 of these member Ap starsin the mass range 2.5-4.5 solar masses are presented. These magneticobservations are compared with similar data for a sample of old field Apstars. No evidence is found for a significant difference between thedistributions of magnetic field strengths of the two samples, suggestingthat little or no evolution of the magnetic fields in Ap stars occurs ona time scale of a few x 10 to the 8th yr.
| Statistical Investigation of Chemically Peculiar Stars - Part Five - Spectroscopic Binary Stars
Not Available
| Quantitative Spectral Peculiarity Indices of Cp-Stars of the Upper Main Sequence
Not Available
| Orbital inclinations of late B-type spectroscopic binaries
Information on the orbital inclinations j of late B-type spectroscopicbinaries (SB's) with periods between 3 and 50 days is obtained from themasses M1 of their primary components, derived from uvby-betaphotometry, and the values of M1 sin cubed j. The cumulativedistribution of j for a fairly complete sample of double-lined binaries(SB2's) with Hg-Mn primaries is consistent with that expected for randomorientations of the orbital planes. The period-eccentricity relationsfor Hg-Mn SB's and normal, sharp-lined SB's do not differ significantly.Subsynchronous rotators occur among the components of Hg-Mn SB's (e.g.HR266, Kappa-Cnc, HR 4072, Chi-Lup and 74 Aqr) and superficially normalSB's (e.g. 64Ori, HR 7338 and possibly HR 4892); the subsynchronousprimary of HR 7338 is metal poor. The slow rotation of Hg-Mn stars isprobably due to special initial conditions or to a substantial loss ofangular momentum during contraction to the main sequence. The orbitalperiods of three of the SB2's with nonsynchronous Hg-Mn components (HR266, AR Aur and 74 Aqr) are only about 4 days, and these systems maypose a difficulty for the hypothesis that the abundance anomalies aredue to the separation of elements by diffusion in quiescent atmospheres.
| Velocities of rotation of chemically peculiar stars
An analysis of the velocities of rotation of 77 peculiar stars, membersof open clusters and associations in the age range log t = 6.4-8.7, wasmade based on observations with the OZSP spectrograph of the 6-mtelescope. It was concluded that there is no loss of angular momentum bypeculiar stars in the process of gravitational contraction as theyapproach the zero-age main sequence and in the stage of evolution withinthe main sequence. A statistically significant difference was obtainedin the velocities of rotation of peculiar stars in different zones ofthe Scorpio-Centaurus association: Stars of the core (t = 4 million yr)rotate faster on the average than stars in the outer zones of theassociation (t = 12 million yr).
| The local system of early type stars - Spatial extent and kinematics
Published uvby and H-beta photometric data and proper motions arecompiled and analyzed to characterize the structure and kinematics ofthe bright early-type O-A0 stars in the solar vicinity, with a focus onthe Gould belt. The selection and calibration techniques are explained,and the data are presented in extensive tables and graphs and discussedin detail. The Gould belt stars of age less than 20 Myr are shown togive belt inclination 19 deg to the Galactic plane and node-lineorientation in the direction of Galactic rotation, while the symmetricaldistribution about the Galactic plane and kinematic properties (purecircular differential rotation) of the belt stars over 60 Myr oldresemble those of fainter nonbelt stars of all ages. The unresolveddiscrepancy between the expansion observed in the youngest nearby starsand the predictions of simple models of expansion from a point isattributed to the inhomogeneous distribution of interstellar matter.
| Frequency of Bp-Ap stars among spectroscopic binaries
Improving previous studies with more numerous published values, areexamination has been conducted concerning the binary frequency forBp-Ap stars, pointing out differences with normal stars for Si, Si-Cr,Si-Sr stars as well as Hew stars, but not for the Hg-Mn and the coolestAp stars. The period and the eccentricity distributions for Bp-Ap starshave been analyzed, compared to normal stars of various spectral types.Remarkably, this analysis reveals a great deficiency among loweccentricity systems for all the peculiar stars, except the Hg-Mn ones.Also discussed is the synchronism for the systems for which thephotometric period is known. Finally, the values of the parameterDelta(V1-G) of the Geneva photometry, which is a measurement of the5200-A depression, is compared for different binary systems.
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